Geoeconomics
How Currency Manipulation Designations Work
Three thresholds in a Treasury report decide who lands on the monitoring list — and the punishment has always been negotiation, not tariffs.
Gabriela Montoya · July 10, 2026
Geoeconomics
Coverage of economics used as statecraft: tariffs, export controls, sanctions, investment screening and industrial subsidy programs, alongside the customs and shipping data showing where trade actually moved. Written for trade lawyers, supply chain planners, sovereign analysts and researchers of international political economy.
Geoeconomics
How Secondary Sanctions Reach Foreign Banks
The dollar's clearing system lets Washington punish banks nowhere near U.S. law — a power built on BNP Paribas and now tested by sanctions evaders' workarounds.
Gabriela Montoya · July 5, 2026
Geoeconomics
How Rare Earth Export Controls Became a Geoeconomic Weapon
China refines roughly 90 percent of the world's rare earths, and since 2023 it has learned to squeeze that funnel a valve at a time.
Valentina Sokolov · July 1, 2026